Sources and literacy
If you feel like diving into studies about how The Clean-Living Diet affects your body, here are some links that might be of interest.
They are about eating a Low Carb High Fat diet, getting into ketosis, how the lifestyle affects inflammation, diabetes, weights loss etc.
There are loads of experts out there who are studying this diet. You can go to https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov and search for “keto”, “ketogenic”, “low carbohydrate diet” and find scientists who have made their studies public.
Myths and facts
https://ninateicholz.com/ketogenic-diet-myths-vs-facts/
About hunger and feeling satiety
Hu T, et al., The effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite: A randomized controlled trial, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Jun. 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4873405/
Gibson, AA, et al., Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta-analysis, Obesity Reviews, Jan. 2015 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25402637
Leiy, HJ, et al., Higher protein intake preserves lean mass and satiety with weight loss in pre-obese and obese women, Obesity, Feb. 2017 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17299116
Sumithran P, et al., Ketosis and appetite-mediating nutrients and hormones after weight loss, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, May 2013, https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn201390
Pesta DH, et al., A high-protein diet for reducing body fat: mechanisms and possible caveats, Nutrition & Metabolism, Nov. 2014 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258944/
Johnstone, AM, et al., Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss in obese men feeding ad libitum, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Jan. 2008 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18175736
Page KA, et al., Circulating glucose levels modulate neural control of desire for high-calorie foods in humans, The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Sep. 2011 – https://www.jci.org/articles/view/57873
Dirlewanger M., et al., Effects of short-term carbohydrate or fat overfeeding on energy expenditure and plasma leptin concentrations in healthy female subjects, International Journal of Obesity and related metabolic disorders, Nov. 2000 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11126336
Chearskul S, et al., Effect of weight loss and ketosis on postprandial cholecystokinin and free fatty acid concentrations, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, May 2008 – https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/87/5/1238/4650051
Inflammation
Youm, YH, et al., The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease, Nature Medicine, Mar. 2015, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25686106
Jonasson L, et al., Advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet has a favourable impact on low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet, Annals of Medicine, May 2014 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24779961
Shen Y, et al., Bioenergetic state regulates innate inflammatory responses through the transcriptional co-repressor CtBP Nature, Sep. 2017, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00707-0
Buyken, A.E., et al., Carbohydrate nutrition and inflammatory disease mortality in older adults, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Sep. 2010- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573797
Ruth MR, et al., Consuming a hypocaloric high fat low carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks lowers C-reactive protein and raises serum adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in obese subjects, Metabolism, December 2013 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24075505
Forsythe, C.E., et al., Comparison of low fat and low carbohydrate diets on circulating fatty acid composition and markers of inflammation, Lipids, Jan. 2008 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046594
Weight loss
Bazzano LA, et al., Effects of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets. A randomized trial, Annals of Internal Medicine, Sep. 2014. – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25178568
Moreno B, et al., Comparison of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet with a standard low-calorie diet in the treatment of obesity. Endocrine, Dec. 2014 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24584583
Ebbeling CB, et al., Effects of Dietary Composition on Energy Expenditure During Weight-Loss Maintenance, JAMA, Jun. 2012 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735432
Mansoor N., et al., Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, British Journal of Nutrition, Feb. 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26768850
Sackner-Bernstein J, et al., Dietary Intervention for Overweight and Obese Adults: Comparison of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets. A Meta-Analysis, PlosOne, Oct. 2015, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26485706
Bueno NB, et al., Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, British Journal of Nutrition, Oct. 2013 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651522
Foster GD, et al., Weight and Metabolic Outcomes After 2 Years on a Low-Carbohydrate Versus Low-Fat Diet: A Randomized Trial, Annals of Internal Medicine, Aug. 2010 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20679559
Krebs NF, et al., Efficacy and Safety of a High Protein, Low Carbohydrate Diet for Weight Loss in Severely Obese Adolescents, The Journal of Pediatrics, Aug. 2010 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20304413
Brinkworth GD, et al., Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Jul. 2009 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19439458
Shai, I, et al., Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet, The New England Journal of Medicine, Jul. 2008 – https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0708681
Brehm BJ, et al., The Role of Energy Expenditure in the Differential Weight Loss in Obese Women on Low-fat and Low-carbohydrate Diets, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mar. 2005 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15598683
McAuley KA, et al., Comparison of High-Fat and High-Protein Diets With a High-Carbohydrate Diet in insulin-resistant Obese Women, Diabetologia, Jan. 2005 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616799
Gardner CD, et al., Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets For Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a Randomized Trial, JAMA, Mar. 2007 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17341711
Hussein MD, et al., Long Term Effects of a Ketogenic Diet in Obese Patients, Clinical Cardiology, 2004 -, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716748/
Samaha FF, et al., A Low-carbohydrate as Compared With a Low-fat Diet in Severe Obesity, The New England Journal of Medicine, May 2003 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12761364
Brehm BJ, et al., A Randomized Trial Comparing a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet and a Calorie-Restricted Low Fat Diet on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Women, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Apr. 2003 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12679447
Type 2 diabetes & PCOS
Saslow L., et al., Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes, Nutrition & Diabetes, Dec. 2017 – https://www.nature.com/articles/s41387-017-0006-9
Westman, EC, et al., The Effect of a Low-carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet Versus a Low-glycemic Index Diet on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition & Metabolism, Dec. 2008, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19099589
Hallberg S, et al., Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Care Model for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes at 1 Year: An Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Controlled Study, Diabetes Therapy, Apr. 2018 – https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13300-018-0373-9
Saslow L, et al., A Randomized Pilot Trial of a Moderate Carbohydrate Diet Compared to a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Overweight or Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Prediabetes, PloS One, Apr. 2014 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24717684
Tay J, et al., A Very Low Carbohydrate, Low Saturated Fat Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Randomized Trial, Diabetes Care, Nov. 2014 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25071075
Feinman RD, et al., Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base, Nutrition, Jan. 2015 – https://www.nutritionjrnl.com/article/S0899-9007(14)00332-3/fulltext
Yamada, et al., A Non-calorie-restricted Low-carbohydrate Diet is Effective as an Alternative Therapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes – Internal Medicine, 2014 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24390522
Hussein TA, et al., Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes, Nutrition, Oct. 2012 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22673594
Daly ME, et al., Short-Term Effects of Severe Dietary Carbohydrate-Restriction Advice in Type 2 Diabetes–a Randomized Controlled Trial, Diabetes Medicine, Jan. 2006 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16409560
Yancy WS, et al., A Low-carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet to Treat Type 2 Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism, Dec. 2005 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1325029/
Mavropoulos JC, et al., The Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet on The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Pilot Study, Nutrition and Metabolism, May 2005 – https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-2-35
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